Sword girls online scientist4/29/2023 Intersectional research across football studies is crucial to better understand the racialized aspects of football and develop better policies that can prevent and combat racism.ĭigital leisure has become the main reason young people make use of the Internet and social media. This study can inform contemporary debates in critical research, particularly around football, discrimination, and cultural citizenship. In addition, associations between participants’ condition, age, perceptions, and experiences of racism were found, with amateur players and younger participants revealing a stronger position concerning the topic. Nearly 70% of women and 50% of men admitted the existence of racism in football in Portugal. The results show gender, skin color, ethnicity, sexual orientation/gender identity, and functional diversity are the main factors explaining discrimination in football, with differences between genders. Using an online questionnaire, this exploratory study involved 1681 participants, 456 self-identified as women, 1221 as men, and 4 as non-binary, aged between 13 and 61 years old ( M = 33.02 DP = 12.64). The present paper aims to analyze and understand, from an intersectional point of view, the extent and the characteristics of racism in football in Portugal, based on the perspectives of football fans, coaches, amateur players, professional players, journalists, parents, and other elements directly or indirectly involved in the modality. Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.This journal in the second half of 2022). To publication is undertaken in 5.4 days (median values for papers published in Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a firstĭecision is provided to authors approximately 29.1 days after submission acceptance.Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q1 ( General S ocial Sciences).High visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), RePEc, and other databases.Open Access- free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.Social Sciences is published monthly online by MDPI. Is an international, open access journal with rapid peer-review, which publishes works from a wide range of fields, including anthropology, criminology, economics, education, geography, history, law, linguistics, political science, psychology, social policy, social work, sociology and so on.
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